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The abolition of the Ottoman Sultanate by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey (GNAT) on 1 November 1922 ended the Ottoman Empire, which had lasted since 1299. On 11 November 1922, at the Conference of Lausanne, the sovereignty of the GNAT exercised by the Government in Ankara over Turkey was recognized. The last sultan, Mehmed VI, departed the Ottoman capital, Istanbul, on 17 November 1922. The legal position was solidified with the signing of Treaty of Lausanne on 24 July 1923. == Background == The Ottoman entry into World War I along the Central Powers occurred on 11 November 1914. The Middle Eastern theatre of World War I ended with the signing of the Armistice of Mudros on 30 October 1918. The Occupation of Constantinople by British, French and Italian forces occurred on 13 November 1918. The partitioning of the Ottoman Empire began with the Treaty of London (1915) and continued with the multiple agreements, mostly bilateral among the Allies. British troops began to occupy the key buildings of the Empire and arrest nationalists after establishment of Military rule on the night of 15 March 1920. On 18 March 1920 the Ottoman parliament met and sent a protest to allies that it was unacceptable to arrest five of its members. That meeting was the last meeting and marked the end of the Ottoman political system. Sultan Mehmed VI dissolved the General Assembly of the Ottoman Empire on 11 April 1920. The Constantinople government, with the bureaucracy, but without the parliament, was left active with the Sultan as the decision maker. The Treaty of Sèvres on 10 August 1920 finalized the partitioning of the Empire. At the time, was in waves, approximately 150 politicians were exiled to Malta. The Turkish national movement, led by the Mustafa Kemal, established Grand National Assembly of Turkey in Ankara on 23 April 1920. The Grand National Assembly of Turkey waged the Turkish War of Independence. The war was against the monarchist Constantinople government.〔(Turkish War of Independence ). All About Turkey. Retrieved on 2013-08-12.〕 Sultan Mehmed VI was the Caliph. The Constantinople government, government without a parliament, formed the Kuva-yi Inzibatiye, known as the "Army of the Caliphate", to defeat the Grand National Assembly's Kuva-yi Milliye. Conflicts occurred at Bolu, Düzce, Hendek, Adapazarı, along the other revolts during the Turkish War of Independence. The Caliphate army was sympathetic to Islamism, hence the name, and armed by the British. The strategic goal of the Caliphate army, as was the goal of British, was to prevention of National Forces advancing towards the straits. Army of the Caliphate defeated by the Kuva-yi Milliye. Although the Kuva-yi Milliye was regarded the first step of resistance in the liberation of Turkey, irregular warfare was abandoned later on. Before the Greek war began, Kuva-yi Milliye became the seed of the organized army which then became the Turkish Armed Forces with the declaration of Republic. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Abolition of the Ottoman sultanate」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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